外语研究方法层次论——以翻译学为例

On the Hierarchy of Foreign Language Research Methods:Taking Translation Studies as an Example

译学研究方法由人文研究方法演绎而成,但有自己的特色。译学研究方法众多,可分为宏观、中观、微观三层,形成相应的方法系统,由高至低分别为译学研究哲学方法、译学研究一般方法和译学研究具体方法。哲学方法指导和制约另外两层,一般方法自下而上地充实、丰富和发展哲学方法层,自上而下地拓展、深化和提高具体方法层。哲学方法包括普遍联系法、运动发展法、矛盾分析法等。一般方法包括辩证思维方法和系统科学方法两大类:前者包括分析综合结合法、归纳演绎结合法、定性定量结合法、宏观微观结合法、历史逻辑一致法、抽象升至具体法等;后者包括系统论、信息论、控制论、耗散论、协同论、突变论等。具体方法是可直接操作和使用的,数量最多。

Research methods in translation studies are derived but distinct from traditional humanistic research methods.Research methods in translation studies fall into three levels in the hierarchy of all methods:philosophical methods at the macro level,general methods at the meso level and specifi c methods at the micro level,each of which belongs to corresponding methodological systems.Philosophical methods guide and constrain the other two types.General methods enrich philosophical ones from the bottom to the top and expand specific ones from the top to the bottom.Philosophical methods include universal connection methods,development methods and contradiction analysis methods.General methods consist of two sub-types:dialectical thinking methods include analytical and synthetic methods,inductive and deductive methods,qualitative and quantitative methods,a combination of macroscopic and microscopic methods,methods of consistency between history and logic,and abstract-to-concrete methods;systems science methods include those adopted in systems theory,information theory,cybernetics,dissipation theory,synergy theory and mutation theory.Specifi c methods,which are the largest in number,can be directly operated and used.