裂谷热的流行与生物安全防控

Prevalence and Bio-safety Prevention and Control of Rift Valley Fever

裂谷热(Rift Valley fever,RVF)是一种以蚊子为传播媒介的病毒性人兽共患传染病,可引发人致命性出血热和反刍动物大量死亡。对RVF流行情况的分析表明,近年来RVF疫情形势总体平稳,主要在非洲国家流行,且涉及人和多种动物。由于频繁的国际往来与贸易、病例报告不足与瞒报以及环境因素等,之前未受感染地区有很大的RVF传入风险。目前暂无批准的RVF疫苗用于接种人,仅在个别流行国家允许使用动物疫苗,提示生活在流行地区和去流行地区旅行的人员应提高对该病暴露风险的认识,做好相关生物安全防控。在我国,人员流动和动物国际贸易等活动加剧了RVF传入风险,同时也存在自然发生RVF疫情的风险。因此,应制定并严格执行进口动物生物安全防控制度,加快疫苗和检测技术研究,同时结合“同一健康”计划,做好流行风险评估与生物安全防控,降低RVF传入传播风险。

Rift Valley fever(RVF)is a viral zoonotic infectious disease transmitted by mosquitoes,causing fatal hemorrhagic fever in human and death in large amount of ruminants.The results of epidemiology analysis on RVF showed that the overall situation of RVF outbreaks had been stable in recent years,mainly in African countries and involving human and various animals.Because of frequent international exchanges and trade,insufficient or concealed case reports and environmental factors,there was a high risk of RVF entry in previously RVF-free regions.No RVF vaccines had been approved for human,and those for animals were only allowed in some epidemic countries,indicating that the persons who lived in epidemic areas or traveled to there should pay attention to the risk of exposure to the disease,and take bio-safety prevention and control measures.In China,in addition to spontaneous outbreaks,the risk of RVF entry was increased through personnel movement,international trade of animals and other activities.Therefore,bio-safety prevention and control system for imported animals should be developed and implemented,researches on vaccines and detection technologies should be sped up,and evaluation on epidemic risk and bio-safety prevention and control measures should be conducted in combination with“One Health”plan to reduce any possible entry and spread risk of RVF.