老年人误吸危险因素与风险评估的研究进展

Research progress in risk factors and risk assessment of aspiration in the elderly

误吸是老年人最常见的临床问题之一,具有发生率高、危害大、诊断困难等特点,长期反复误吸可引发脱水、营养不良、吸入性肺炎等不良后果。年龄、疾病、治疗、用药、喂养等多方面的因素共同作用导致了老年人误吸的发生,多种仪器和床旁筛查手段可对误吸风险进行评估。本文从老年人误吸的危险因素及风险评估两方面进行综述,旨在为老年人误吸的早期识别、科学评估与及时干预提供参考。

Aspiration is one of the most common clinical problems in elderly,characterized by a high prevalence,serious harm and difficult diagnosis.Long-term repeated aspiration can lead to dehydration,malnutrition,aspiration pneumonia,and other adverse consequences.Age,disease,treatment,medication,feeding,and other factors jointly contribute to the occurrence of aspiration in the elderly,and a variety of instruments and bedside screening methods can be used to assess the risk of aspiration.In this paper,we reviewsed influencing factors and risk assessment of aspiration in the elderly,aiming to provide preferences for early detection,scientific evaluation,and timely intervention of aspiration in the elderly.