海口湿地生态系统服务价值时空演变及其对景观格局变化的响应

Spatial and Temporal Evolution of Wetland Ecosystem Service Value and Its Response to Landscape Pattern Changes in Haikou

根据2010、2015年和2020年遥感影像获取海口市湿地数据,运用景观格局指数、当量因子法、相关性分析方法,分析海口市湿地景观格局和生态系统服务价值(ESV)演变规律,探究两者之间的响应关系,为海口湿地保护和修复工作提供参考。结果表明,1)10 a间,以人工湿地为主的海口湿地面积逐年减少,总面积损失量高达21.01 km^(2),自然湿地面积稍有增长,增长量为4.57 km^(2);整体景观趋于破碎化与非均质分布,多样性减弱。2)湿地ESV呈下降趋势,损失率为4.43%;西部地区湿地ESV衰退,重心向东南方偏移;河流、坑塘及养殖湿地在水文调节生态服务方面成效显著。3)整体而言,海口湿地ESV与景观形状、香农多样性呈显著正相关,与蔓延度指数为负相关;平均斑块面积、聚合度指数与人工湿地ESV呈正相关;增加边缘密度有助提高坑塘及养殖湿地ESV(r=0.997,P<0.05)。研究认为应根据湿地类型及其分布情况,因地制宜优化海口湿地景观格局,促进生态系统服务增值。

Based on the wetland data extracted from the remote sensing images of Haikou in 2010,2015 and 2020,the landscape pattern index,equivalent factor method and correlation analysis methods were used to analyze the evolution characteristics of Haikou wetland landscape pattern and wetland ecosystem service value(ESV,)and explore the response relationship between the two,so as to provide reference for the protection and restoration of wetland in Haikou.The results showed that 1)the area of wetland in Haikou decreased year by year,the total area loss was up to 21.01 km^(2).The natural wetland area increased slightly,with an increase of 4.57 km^(2).The overall landscape tended to be fragmented and inhomogeneous,with diminished diversity.2)The overall wetland ESV in Haikou decreased continuously,with a loss rate of 4.43%.The wetland ESV in the western region decreased,shifting the centrality to the southeast.Rivers,ponds,and cultivated wetland functioned effectively in hydrological management of ecological services.3)Overall,landscape shape and Shannon diversity were significantly and positively correlated to wetland ESV in Haikou,however the Spreading index was negatively correlated.The average patch area and aggregation index were positively correlated to constructed wetland ESV;increasing edge density was beneficial to enhancing ESV of pot pond and breeding wetland(r=0.997,P<0.05).In order to promote the increase of wetland ESV,the landscape pattern should be optimized according to the type and distribution of wetland in Haikou.