乌鲁木齐城市老年人居家环境安全评估及影响因素研究

Study on home environmental safety assessment and influencing factors of the elderly in Urumqi

目的了解乌鲁木齐城市老年人居家环境安全现况及影响因素,为老年人居家环境适老化改造提供参考依据。方法采用分层整群抽样法抽取乌鲁木齐市8个社区共545名老年人,于2021年8月—2022年3月应用居家环境安全评估问卷进行入户调查。结果老年人居家环境安全均分为(103.07±7.78)分,以均分为界低分组占48.81%,高分组占51.19%,各维度条目平均分从低到高依次为门窗(1.43±0.59)分、卫生间(1.98±0.23)分、厨房(2.20±0.27)分、客厅(2.23±0.24)分、卧室(2.51±0.26)分、衣服和鞋子(2.69±0.29)分。线性逐步回归分析显示,家中行动不便人数(β=-1.974)、自评环境安全(β=2.148)、文化程度(β=0.499)、住房面积(β=2.889)和婚姻(β=-1.095)为老年人居家环境安全水平的影响因素。结论乌鲁木齐城市老年人居家环境安全水平处于中等偏低水平,需高度关注家中行动不便人数多、自评环境差、文化程度低、住房面积小以及无伴侣老年人的居家环境,并为其提供相应的环境整改措施,提高其居家安全水平。

Objective To understand the current situation and influencing factors of home environment safety of the elderly in Urumqi,provide a reference basis for the aging-friendly renovation of the elderly home environment.Methods A total of 545 elderly people in eight communities in Urumqi were selected by stratified whole-group sampling method,and a household survey was conducted from August 2021 to March 2022 using the home environment safety assessment questionnaire.Results The mean score of home environment safety for the elderly was(103.07±7.78)points.According to the mean score,the low group accounted for 48.81%,and the high group accounted for 51.19%.The mean scores of each dimension entry in descending order were(1.43±0.59)points for doors and windows,(1.98±0.23)points for bathrooms,(2.20±0.27)points for kitchens,(2.51±0.26)points for bedrooms,and scores ofclothes and shoes were(2.69±0.29)points.The linear stepwise regression analysis revealed that the number of people with mobility impairment at home(β=-1.974),self-rated environmental safety(β=2.148),education level(β=0.499),housing area(β=2.889)and marriage(β=-1.095)were the factors influencing the level of environmental safety at home for the elderly.Conclusion The home environment safety level of urban elderly people in Urumqi is at a medium to low level,and it is necessary to pay high attention to the home environment of elderly people with high number of mobility problems,poor selfassessed environment,low education level,small housing area and unaccompanied elderly people,and provide them with corresponding environmental improvement measures to improve their home safety level.