人内源性逆转录病毒K家族与癌症相关性的研究进展

Progress in human endogenous retrovirus K family and cancer correlation

人类内源性逆转录病毒(Human endogenous retroviruses,HERVs)是由灵长类动物进化过程中的外源性逆转录病毒感染衍生而来,约占人类基因组的8%。由于突变、缺失等原因,大多数HERVs丧失具有编码能力的完整开放阅读框架(Open Reading Frame,ORF),但仍有部分HERVs可以编码完整的病毒蛋白,比如人类基因组中最新整合的人内源性逆转录病毒K家族(HERV-K)。HERV-K在多种恶性肿瘤中的作用已经被证实,然而,HERV-K的激活和表达在多大程度上参与了癌症的发展,还是未知的。该文针对HERV-K在不同癌症治疗中的最新研究进展、作用机制以及其作为癌症诊断、治疗或预后的新型生物标志物作一综述。

Human endogenous retroviruses(HERVs)are derived from exogenous retroviral infections during primate evolution and comprise approximately 8%of the human genome.Most HERVs lose their full open reading frame(ORF)with the ability to encode due to variations such as mutations and deletions,but some HERVs can still encode complete viral proteins,such as the human endogenous retrovirus K family(HERV-K),which is the most recently integrated in the human genome.The role of HERV-K in a variety of malignancies has been demonstrated,however,the extent to which HERV-K activation and expression is involved in the development of cancer is unknown.This article reviews the latest research progress of HERV-K in different cancer treatments,its mechanism of action,and its use as a novel biomarker for cancer diagnosis,treatment or prognosis.