应对“人口悬崖”:韩国教育的破解路径

Coping with the"Demographic Cliff":The Solution to South Korea's Education

作为社会经济活动的主体,人口的规模、结构与素质对现代国家发展产生重要影响。曾经依赖人口红利实现“汉江奇迹”的韩国,近年来人口增长持续放缓,甚至出现负增长,导致老龄化加剧,劳动力结构失衡,区域发展受阻,社会福利负担增加。为此,韩国颁布人口发展相关法令和实施计划,力图刹住“人口悬崖”势头。教育作为解决人口危机与保障国家人力资本的重要路径受到重视,韩国提出旨在解除家长的育儿负担以及面向未来社会的改革目标。采取的具体措施包括:改变学校教育促进人的全生命周期发展;完善生涯教育和职业教育;减少学生的补习负担;积极吸纳海外人力资源等。

As the subject of socio-economic activities,the size,structure and quality of the population have a significant impact on the development of modern countries.South Korea,which once relied on the demographic bonus to achieve the"Han River Miracle,"has experienced a steady slowdown or even negative population growth in recent years,causing problems such as aging,imbalances in the labor force structure,impediments to regional development,and increased social welfare burdens.As a result,South Korea has enacted population decrees and implementation plans in an effort to halt the negative population growth.Education is an important path to solving the demographic crisis and securing the national human capital.To this end,the government has proposed new education goals aimed at easing the burden of childcare and coping with future social changes,and has implemented specific measures,including school education reforms that promote life-cycle development,improving career and vocational education,reducing the burden of extracurricular tutoring on students,and actively attracting human resources from overseas.