海洋石油钻井平台防喷器剪切增压助推装置(SBA)升级研究

Research on the Upgrade of Blowout Preventer Shear Booster Assembly(SBA)for Offshore Drilling Rigs

随着石油工业的发展,对石油钻井平台安全生产的要求越来越高,井控显得尤为重要,而闸板防喷器又是井控装置的关键部分。当处于紧急情况时,可用剪切闸板剪断井内管柱,并全封闭井口。以某海洋石油钻井平台防喷器剪切增压助推(SBA)装置升级为例,介绍了钻井平台升级剪切增压助推装置的原因、相关配置及工作原理。通过对剪切系统能力的分析,钻井平台原配置的防喷器剪切液缸及控制系统无法满足剪断常用S-135级149.225 mm(57/8″)钻杆的要求,需要升级安装剪切增压助推装置,以满足防喷器全能力作业下的井控安全。重点介绍了剪切增压助推装置的主要组成部分和工作原理,从最优成本角度出发,提供了实际可行的技术方案,对类似防喷器剪切闸板及控制系统改进提供借鉴。

With the development of the petroleum industry,the requirements for safety production on oil drilling platforms are increasing demanding,and well control becomes particular important.The blowout preventer(BOP)is a critical component of the well control system.In emergency situations,the shear ram of the BOP can be used to shear the drill string inside the well and fully close the wellhead.This paper takes the upgrade of an offshore drilling rig's blowout preventer shear boost assembly(SBA)as an example,and introduces the reasons,relevant configurations and working principles for upgrading the SBA on the drillling rig.Through the analysis of the shearing system capacity,it was found that the original configuration of the BOP's shear ram hydraulic cylinder and control system could not meet the requirements of shearing commonly used S-135 grade of 149.225 mm(57/8″)drill pipes.Therefore,an upgrade installation of the SBA is needed to ensure well control safety under the full capacity operation of the blowout preventer.The main components and working principle of the shear booster assembly are introduced,and a practical and cost-effective technical solution is provided from the perspective of optimal cost.This provides reference for the improvement of similar blowout preventer shear ram and control systems.