数字贸易与中国制造业企业全球价值链攀升:内在机理和实现条件

Digital Trade and the Climb of Global Value Chain of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises:Internal Mechanism and Realization Conditions

在新一轮数字技术革命背景下,中国能否借助数字贸易发展的契机,推动制造业企业价值链分工地位攀升,打造高水平对外开放的新动能?文章利用海关—工企微观企业数据考察数字贸易对制造业企业全球价值链分工地位的影响机理与实现条件。研究发现:数字贸易通过降低贸易成本、强化知识溢出和优化要素配置有效促进了制造业企业全球价值链攀升。异质性分析表明,数字贸易具有一定的“普惠性”,有利于促进中小企业全球价值链攀升,但在生产率水平较高和技术密集型企业中,数字贸易的促进效果更加凸显;进一步研究发现,通过发挥中国独特的本土市场规模优势可以帮助制造业企业跨越规模技术门槛,更好地享受数字贸易带来的全球价值链攀升“红利”,尤其是在规模较大、技术水平较高的企业中,这一促进作用更加明显。因此,深入推进数字贸易发展和建设全国统一大市场是促进制造业企业“稳链”和“强链”的重要举措。

Against the backdrop of a new round of digital technology revolution,can China take advantage of the development of digital trade to promote the division of labor in the value chain of manufacturing enterprises and create a new driving force for high-level opening-up?This paper uses the micro-enterprise data of customs and in-dustrial enterprises to investigate the influence mechanism and realization conditions of digital trade on the global value chain division position of manufacturing enterprises.It is found that digital trade effectively promotes GVC climbing of manufacturing enterprises through three ways:reducing trade costs,strengthening knowledge spillover and optimizing factor allocation.The heterogeneity analysis shows that digital trade has a certain“universality”,which promotes the global value chain climb of small and medium-size enterprise,but the promotion effect of digit-al trade is more prominent in the enterprises with high productivity level and technology-intensive;further study finds that by taking advantage of China's unique local market scale can help manufacturing enterprises to cross the scale technology threshold and better enjoy GVC brought by digital trade.It is further found that by taking advan-tage of China's unique local market scale,it can help manufacturing enterprises cross the scale technology threshold and better enjoy the“dividends”of climbing up GVC brought by digital trade.Therefore,in-depth promotion of the development of digital trade and the construction of a national unified large market is an important measure to promote the“stable chain”and“strong chain”of manufacturing enterprises.