陕北神木话“吼是”类词语的语法特征与标句词理论

Grammatical Features of Houshi in Shenmu Dialect Spoken in Northern Shaanxi and the Complementizer Theory

陕北神木话的引语结构“吼是”及其种种变式可以引入间接引语,并且随着“说吼是”的功能泛化而进一步语法化为准标句词。在标句词理论框架下审视此种现象,我们认为“吼是”是一个引入宾语从句的准标句词。它既有一般标句词的共性特点,又有鲜明的个性特征。典型的标句词均有以下三项基元特征:标明句子是主句还是从句,是定式句还是不定式句,句子的功能类型为何;而“吼是”仅有标明句子从句一项特征,应跟汉语方言中其他源自言说动词的标句词一起看作准标句词,从而跟典型标句词有所区隔。本文认为,在标句词理论框架下对“吼是”及同类词语加以系统考察,对于深入认识其性质和特点以及标句词理论的丰富和发展均有重要意义。

Houshi in Shenmu dialect spoken in Northern Shaanxi and its variants may be used to introduce indirect quotations,and they have various forms and various types of functions.As the original function of shuo houshi goes generalized,those words have grammaticalized to be complementizers.In the framework of complementizer theory,we hold that houshi is a quasi-complementizer introducing an object clause,which shares some properties with canonical complementizers while exhibiting some special features.A canonical complementizer has three fundamental features:1)specifying whether a clause is a main one or an embedded one,2)specifying whether a clause is definite or infinitive,and 3)specifying the type of a clause in terms of function.However,houshi only specifies that the clause it introduces is an embedded one,so its level of grammaticalization is quite low,and thus it should be analyzed as a quasi-complementizer together with other complementizers derived from verbs denoting""saying"in some Chinese dialects in contrast with canonical complementizers.It is demonstrated in this paper that a systematic study of houshi from the perspective of complementizer theory is important and meaningful both to the understanding of the grammatical nature and properties of those words and to the enrichment and development of the complementizer theory itself.