三论语言接触视域下晋方言语音的几点变化

Several Phonetic Changes in Jin Dialect from the Perspective of Language Contact in Three Dimensions

山西独特的地理位置和历史环境使得晋方言与北方异民族诸语言产生了密切联系,与异民族语言的接触成为晋方言语音演变的重要因素。近年来普通话大力普及,现代晋方言在与普通话的接触过程中又在加速演变。本文从晋方言部分复元音韵母单元音化、宕摄舒声字白读音与果摄合流、古全浊声母塞音、塞擦音清化后都读送气三个方面论证与异民族语言接触后晋方言所发生的语音变化;从长治方言阳声韵读音的变化、上党片部分方言影疑母读音的变化、晋方言部分点果摄字读音的变化三个方面论证晋方言与普通话接触后所发生的语音变化。

The unique geographic location and historical environment of Shanxi have led to close contact between the Jin dialect and the languages of other ethnic groups in the north,and the contact with these languages has been an important factor in the phonetic evolution of the Jin dialect.With the popularization of Mandarin in recent years,the evolution of the modern Jin dialect has accelerated in the process of the contact with Mandarin.In this paper,the phonological changes in Jin dialect after contact with the languages of other ethnic groups are demonstrated from three aspects:1)diphthongs in some syllables of Jin dialect change into monophthongs,2)words belonging to Tuo group with the level tone,the falling-rising tone and the falling tone join the Guo group when pronounced vernacularly,and 3)the ancient voiced plosives and affricates are devocalized with aspiration.The phonological changes that occurred after the deep contact between the Jin dialect and Mandarin are demonstrated in three aspects:1)the change of Yang-sheng rhyme pronunciation in Changzhi dialect,2)the change of the pronunciation of the Ying and Yi initials in some dialects of Shangdang,and 3)the change of the pronunciation of some Guo group words in Jin dialect.