言者视点与表达方式——“说”的元语用法

The Speaker's Viewpoint and Ways of Expression:The metalinguistic use of shuo

“说”在口语中使用频率越来越高,常出现在一些连词、动词、副词等形式后,并不表实际言说或者引述。本文基于“行、知、言”三域理论,对这类“说”的功能及隐现情况进行考察,发现其作为元语标记,是对后续表达内容进行处理和包装,传达说话人的立场和态度,具体表现为言者视点凸显、话语组织手段和措辞表达手段几种类型。“说”隐现的规律与其出现的概念域有关:若一个句子在行域中不能成立,在言域中加“说”就可成立,这时“说”需要出现;若一个句子既可在行域、知域中使用,也可在言域中使用,这时“说”可以自由隐现;若一个句子只能在行域中使用,这时就不宜加“说”。

Shuo is used more and more frequently in spoken Chinese,which often appears after some conjunctions,verbs,adverbs,etc.,and does not function as actual speaking or quoting.Based on the theory of three conceptual domains of acting,knowing and uttering,this paper investigates the function and the presence and absence of this kind of shuo.This study found that as a metalinguistic marker,shuo processes and packages the content of subsequent expression and conveys the speaker's position and attitude,which is manifested in the following types:speaker's viewpoint prominence,a means of discourse organization and a means of expression.The law of the presence and absence of shuo is related to its conceptual domain.If a sentence is not valid in the domain of acting,it can be valid by adding shuo to the domain of uttering.In such a case shuo needs to appear.If a sentence can be used not only in the domain of acting and knowing,but also in the domain of uttering,shuo can appear freely.If a sentence can only be used in the domain of acting,it is not appropriateto add shuo.