论多和田叶子作品中语言的形象、人和生命

Figures of Language,Human,and Life in the Writings of Tawada Yoko

多和田叶子的作品以其超现实主义的、梦幻般的美学而闻名,这一美学挑战着语言的透明感、语言的指称意义等概念。尽管如此,近年来多和田的作品越来越多地在其政治意义上被解读,尤其会被拿来和移民、性别政治、生态批评等问题进行关联。本文认为,虽然多和田作品的特征是其对于语言的那种比喻性而非参照性的使用方法,但是这种赋形本身又的确是可以被解读为政治性的。具体来说,它追溯了多和田作品中“语言”“人”和“生命”这几个相互纠缠的概念之间所建立起来的细微的政治含义。例如,我认为多和田的作品被正确地解读为颠覆了物种差异的等级制度,这种等级制度因为“人”所拥有的独特语言和符号化能力而赋予其特权。然而,多和田似乎坚持认为,正是由于这种语言、符号化和赋形的能力,在针对其他人类和地球生命本身所犯下的基本暴力中,人类这一主体永远不应当否认自己的共犯关系。

The writings of Tawada Yoko are known for their surrealist,dream-like aesthetics that challenge notions of transparent language and referential meaning.Nevertheless,in recent years,Tawada's works have increasingly been read for their political significance,especially in relation to issues like migration,gender politics,and eco-criticism.This essay argues that,while Tawada's writings must indeed be seen as characterized by their figurative,non-referential use of language,their very figurations may be read as political.Specifically,it traces the nuanced political implications of the relationships established in Tawada's works between the mutually entangled figures of"language","human",and"life".For example,I argue that Tawada's work is rightly read as destabilizing the hierarchies of species-difference that would privilege"human"for its unique capacity for language and symbolization.Nevertheless,Tawada seems to insist that,by virtue of that very same capacity for language,symbolization,and the figurative itself,the subject of human must never disavow its complicity in a fundamental violence against other humans and planetary life itself.