律令制时期日本人公私观念的基本特征

The Basic Characteristics of Japanese Public and Private Values in the Ritsuryo System Period

本文着眼于律令制时期日本人的公私观念,从政治层面、经济层面、伦理层面分析了日本人公私观念的基本特征。其中,政治层面,律令制国家强调天皇地位的至高无上和国家利益的不可侵犯,强制要求人们树立“天皇为公”“国家为公”的观念。经济层面,以“律”和“令”推行土地和人民归属国家所有的“公地公民制”,主张国家和土地的公有观念。伦理层面,宣扬“崇公抑私”“背私向公”的价值理念,力图让豪族自觉摈弃私自占有土地和人民的思想。

Focusing on the Japanese public and private values found in the Ritsuryo system,this paper analyzes basic features of the values at the political,economic,and ethical levels.At the political level,the supremacy of the emperor's status and the inviolability of national interests is emphasized by the Ritsuryo system,and the people are required to set up the idea that the emperor and state are both built for the public.At the economic level,laws and decrees are used to promote the Public Land Public Citizen Laws in which all land and people belong to the state,and the concept of public ownership of the state and land is advocated by state.At the ethical level,the value concept of respecting public but inhibiting privacy is advocated,which tries to make the rich families consciously abandon the idea of privately owning land and people.