成为他者:民族学研究对象的形成及认识论转变

BEING OTHERNESS:THE RESEARCH OBJECT FORMATION AND EPISTEMOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION OF ETHNOLOG

“他者”和“自我”截然二元视角下生产的经典民族志在后现代主义人类学思潮中饱受批评。当人类学进入认识论危机时,众多学者通过转变文本组织形式与突出研究者主体的方式来呈现他者,但这些尝试在传统二元主义的认识论下并未成功。作为文化人类学的认识对象,对他者的关注和阐释贯穿着民族学发展的全阶段。而在目前的人类学本体论转向中,对于他者的研究在突破二元主义的基础上进入对存在的关注层面,民族志由描述“既定他者”向探讨“成为他者”的过程转变。因此梳理民族学研究对象——“他者”的制造过程、对“他者”研究的视角变化能够让我们在理解民族学学科本身时有所获益。

The classical ethnographies produced from the binary perspective of“otherness”and“ego”have been criticized in the trend of postmodernism anthropology.When anthropology is at the time of crisis,many schol⁃ars attempt to present otherness by transforming the form of text organization and highlighting the subject of researchers.However,these attempts have not succeeded under the traditional dualistic epistemology.As the cogni⁃tive objects of cultural anthropology,the attention and interpretation on otherness run through the entire stage of the development of ethnology.In the current ontological turn of anthropology,the study of otherness has yet broke through dualism to a focus on existence,and ethnography has shifted from describing the“established otherness”to exploring the process of“becoming otherness”.Therefore,coming the research objects of ethnology-the producing process of the“otherness”and as well as the perspective changes in the study of“otherness”,will help readers benefit in the course of understanding ethnology itself.