百越民族的无间道——道教血湖信仰源泉考

INFERNAL AFFAIRS OF BAIYUE:Textual Research for Origin of Blood Lake Belief of Taoism

“血湖”是中国道教专为女性亡灵设置的一处地狱,道教认为女性因为月经或生产恶露流出的血造成污染导致死后亡灵堕入“血湖”,在丧葬时需举行“破血湖”仪式将灵魂拯救。以往研究几乎全部认同道教的这一观念来源于佛教,本文对此提出质疑,通过观察中国南方各地区的“破血湖”科仪,归纳其共同点,结合壮侗语民族的丧葬民族志资料与环南中国海区域出土的考古资料、神话传说对其源头进行挖掘,结果表明,道教的“血湖”信仰来源于百越民族的丧俗观念,借此说明少数民族视角对中国宗教研究的必要性与重要性。

The Blood Lake is a hell specially set up for departed souls of women by Taoism,who believes that women's departed souls fall into the Blood Lake after their death because of blood pollution caused by menstruation or delivery lochia,so that a ceremony of“breaking the Blood Lake”should be held during funeral to save their souls.Almost all previous researches agree that this opinion of Taoism comes from Buddhism,but the article ques⁃tions about it.The author observes the ceremony rites of Breaking Blood Lake in south China and summarizes their common points,as well as excavates their origins in combination of materials about funeral ethnography of Zhuang and Dong-speaking ethnic groups,archaeological materials unearthed in the area around the South China Sea and myths.Finally,it turns out that the Blood Lake belief of Taoism originates from the concept of funeral customs of Baiyue ethnic group,which illustrates the importance and necessity of the ethnic minority perspective to the reli⁃gious research in China.