非遗视角下的传统手工艺及其文化生态:以唐卡绘制技艺为例

On the Relationship between Traditional Handicrafts and Their Cultural Ecology:Exemplified by Tangka Painting Techniques

从非遗保护的视角,作为传统手工艺范畴的唐卡具有去语境化的典型性特征,唐卡绘制技艺的文化生态包含画师的日常行为、仪式空间、使用场域以及观念制度等,文化生态决定了唐卡技艺的形式与程式,是唐卡绘制技艺保持其民族特性与文化本质的关键。对传统手工艺的认识与解读应当追溯其文化的整体性,而非进入一种文化的“碎片化”以及形态的“同质化”误区。

This article takes the art of Thangka painting as an example,and explores the internal composition of Thangka painting art from the perspective of intangible cultural heritage protection.The cultural ecology of Thangka painting techniques includes the daily behavior of painters,ritual spaces,usage fields,and conceptual systems.The cultural ecology determines the form and format of Thangka painting techniques,and is the key to maintaining their national characteristics.The inheritance of traditional handicrafts should include the tracing of the integrity of their meaning,which should be developed within their own cultural ecosystem.