国家自然资源督察制度的演进逻辑与展望

The logic of National Natural Resources Supervision System in China:Evolution and prospects

国家自然资源督察制度是建设人与自然和谐共生的现代化进程中的重要制度安排。基于文本分析和田野调查,探讨以国家土地督察制度为基础的国家自然资源督察制度的设计定位与演进逻辑,解析这一制度的转型挑战与展望。研究发现,内嵌于原国土资源系统的土地督察通过派出督察机构和人员的形式,力图以更独立的方式督察地方人民政府,促使原地方国土部门摆脱地方政府掣肘,更好地落实中央政府的政策方针。但土地督察制度在运行时存在内嵌式设计与独立性监督之间的冲突,影响了督察效果的持续性。自然资源督察制度的转型不仅面临着督察内容的拓展,更重要的是督察制度自身发展的挑战,包括内嵌式设计弊端显现、运动式治理权威衰减。因此,应增强督察的权威性和规范性,加强督察的常规治理能力,保障自然资源督察的有效性和持续性。

The National Natural Resources Supervision System(NNRSS)is an important institutional arrangement in the modernization process of constructing harmonious coexistence between man and nature.Based on text analysis and field investigation,this paper discusses the design orientation and evolution logic of the NNRSS,which is based on the National Land Supervision System(NLSS),and analyzes the transformation challenges and prospects of this system.It is found that the land inspectors embedded in the original land resources system try to supervise the local people\s government in a more independent way by sending inspectors and personnel,so that the original local land departments can get rid of the constraints of local governments and better implement the policies and guidelines of the central government.However,the conflict between embedded design and independent supervision exists in the operation of the NLSS,which affected the continuity of supervision effect.The transformation of the NNRSS is not only facing the expansion of the contents of the supervision,but also the challenges of the development of the supervisionsystem itself,including the defects of the embedded design and the attenuation of the authority of mobilized governance.Therefore,it is necessary to enhance the authority and standardization of the system,strengthen the routine management ability,in order to guarantee the effectiveness and sustainability of the NNRSS.