法律解释的后果考量困境与司法裁判的政策取向——以“知假买假”类案件裁判为例

On the Consequence Consideration Dilemma of Legal Interpretation and Policy Orientation of Judicial Judgment:Taking the Adjudication of Cases Related to the Purchase of Counterfeit Goods as Examples

后果考量引发了法律解释的分歧和困境。后果取向解释主张通过教义分析控制后果考量,严格区分规范目的和功能目的,避免法律规则虚无化;功能解释Ⅰ主张以后果和功能调试规范目的,同时通过规则来控制后果与功能的偏离;功能解释Ⅱ主张,法律概念和法律规则随着对功能和政策的考察而被弱化和消解,政策意图实现的功能才是终极目标。从我国的“知假买假”类案件裁判可以看到,后果考量一旦开启,从后果取向解释到功能解释的“异化”,以及从功能解释Ⅰ到功能解释Ⅱ的溃变,就会成为逻辑上的必然。后果考量与司法裁判的政策取向密切相关。但是,司法裁判的政策取向,既无法获得规则提供的安定性,也无法避免陷入更具体后果和功能的争议和回溯。因此,功能解释需要有效平衡“向前看”的后果、功能预期和“向后看”的规则坚守。

Consequence consideration has caused difficulties and dilemmas in legal interpretation.Consequence oriented interpretation advocates controlling consequence consideration through doctrinal analysis,strictly distinguishing between normative purpose and functional purpose,and avoiding nihilization of legal rules.Functional interpretation I advocates the purpose of standardizing the outcomes and functional debugging,while controlling the consequences and functional deviations through rules.Functional Interpretation II advocates that legal concept and rules are weakened and dissolved with the examination of functions and policies,and the function of policy intention is the ultimate goal.From the adjudication of cases related to the purchase of couterfeit goods in China,it can be seen that once the consideration of consequences is initiated,the"alienation"from consequence oriented interpretation to functional interpretation,and the collapse from functional interpretation I to functional interpretationⅡare logically inevitable.Consequence considerations are closely related to the policy orientation of judicial adjudication.However,the policy orientation of judicial adjudication cannot obtain the stability provided by rules,nor can it avoid falling into more specific consequences and functional disputes and backtracking.Therefore,functional interpretation needs to effectively balance the consequences of"looking forward",functional expectations,and adherence to the rules of"looking back".