清偿性质“目的给付效果说”的展开

On the Theory of Final Performance Effect about Legal Nature of Discharge

在我国《民法典》背景下,相较于事实给付效果说,目的给付效果说具有较高的妥当性,在体系上具有更好的兼容性,如实现清偿与不当得利中给付概念的衔接、以清偿替代物权行为保护出卖人。依目的给付效果说,清偿不仅要求清偿人客观上提出给付或实现给付结果,还要求清偿人具有目的确定的意思表示。目的给付效果说适用于给付内容为法律行为、事实行为的债务,不适用于不作为债务。于是,法定代理人介入与否,影响不完全民事行为能力人清偿效果的发生,从而平衡不完全民事行为能力人和交易安全保护。作为有相对人的意思表示,目的确定用来确定给付归属于哪一狭义之债,可因意思表示瑕疵而被撤销。

Compared with the theory of real performance effect,under the background of Chinese Civil Code,the theory of final performance effect not only contributes to balancing the interests between minors and debtors,but also shows stronger systematic compatibility,e.g.,the connection between the concept of discharge and the concept of performance of unjust enrichment,the protection of sellers without recognizing the concept of acts in rem.According to the theory of final performance effect,which applies to obligations whose contents of civil juristic acts or acts de facto rather than obligations for inaction,discharge requires the discharger not only to objectively carry out the act or result of performance,but also to possess the expression of intention of performance.This can balance the protection of persons with incomplete civil capacity and the security of transaction by strengthening the guardianship duty.As an expression of intention with a counterpart,intention of performance is used to ascertain which obligation in the narrow sense the performance is attributed to.Furthermore,intention of performance is applicable to relevant regulations for civil juristic acts and can be revoked due to defects in expression of intention.