世行“商事破产”新变化背景下的小微企业破产前预警机制

Establish an Early Warning Mechanism for Micro and Small enterprises(MSEs)Before Bankruptcy Against the New Changes in the World Bank's“Business Insolvency”

小微企业(MSEs)在社会经济中占有重要地位,但因它们具有敏感性与脆弱性也容易遭遇破产,为此,及早启动破产挽救的破产前程序更应加强适用。鉴于小微企业自愿及早启动破产前救助内生性不强,破产前早期预警工具(EWT)尽早向债务人发出财务困境风险信号,是2019年欧盟破产指令引入的新功能之一,即使在欧盟以外也受到关注。赋予小微破产企业破产前强制调解具有正当性与适合性,且能通过破产前的强制调解尝试法庭外重组可使预重整成功的机率更大。我国具有支持EWT的坚实基础设施,通过添加在线纠纷解决(ODR)系统作为其服务的一部分,可以进一步增强这一功能。将在线争议解决平台整合到破产前救助程序和早期预警工具中(ODR-EWT),以拯救陷入困境的小微企业,将会在世界银行营商环境新评估中交出优秀答卷。

Micro and small enterprises(MSEs)occupy an important position in the social economy,but due to their sensitivity and vulnerability,it is prone to bankruptcy.For this reason,the pre-bankruptcy procedures should be strengthened and applied as early as possible.In view of the low endogeneity of small and micro enterprises in voluntarily initiating the pre-bankruptcy assistance,the Pre-bankruptcy Early Warning Tool(EwT)signals the risk of financial distress to debtors as early as possible.EwT is one of the new features introduced by the 2019 EU Bankruptcy Directive that will gain traction even in other Jurisdictions.Giving micro and small enterprises the legitimacy and suitability of compulsory mediation before bankruptcy,and being able to try out-of-court reorganization through mandatory mediation can increase the chance of pre-organization.Our country has a solid infrastructure to support EWT.Its function can be further strengthened by adding an online dispute resolution(ODR)system as a part of its service.It will rescue micro and small enterprises in trouble and deliver excellent answers in the new World Bank Business Environment Assessment by integrating online dispute resolution platforms into pre-insolvency rescue procedures and early warning tools(ODR-EWT).