废旧锂电池全链条一体化回收产业中铜铝料的酸浸新工艺研究

A New Process of Acid Leaching of Copper and Aluminum Materials in Whole Chain Integrated Recycling Industry of Spent Lithium Ion Batteries

研究了采用高铜浸出剂酸浸废旧锂离子电池中的铜铝料,探讨了氢离子和铜离子共存体系的竞争反应机制,考察了氢离子浓度对反应析氢、产热和酸浸效率的影响。结果表明:竞争反应机制可使高浓度氢离子更高效浸出铜铝料,进而提升酸浸效率;高铜浸出剂中氢离子浓度升至0.7 mol/L时,酸洗渣中镍钴锰锂有价金属总残留率为1.7%,酸浸过程中氢气浓度可保持在4.5 mmol/L以内,反应温和、安全性高;酸浸反应后,高铜浸出剂中铜离子质量浓度从15.54 g/L降至36 mg/L,铜离子去除率为99.7%,浸出段除铜成本可降低55元/m^(3),在实际生产中具有一定经济效益。

The acid leaching of copper and aluminum materials in spent lithium ion batteries with high copper leaching agent was studied.The competitive reaction mechanism of co-existing system of hydrogen ion and copper ion was discussed.The effects of hydrogen ion concentration on hydrogen evolution,heat production and acid leaching efficiency were investigated.The results show that the competitive reaction mechanism makes the high concentration hydrogen ions more efficient to leach copper and aluminum,and then improves the acid leaching efficiency.When the concentration of hydrogen ions in the high copper leaching agent increases to 0.7 mol/L,the total residual rate of nickel,cobalt,manganese and lithium in the pickling residue is 1.7%,and the hydrogen concentration can be maintained within 4.5 mmol/L during the pickling process.The reaction is mild and the safety is high.After the acid leaching reaction,the mass concentration of copper ion in the high copper leaching agent is reduced from 15.54 g/L to 36 mg/L,the removal rate of copper ion is 99.7%,and the removal cost of copper in the leaching section can be reduced by 55 yuan/m^(3),which has certain economic benefits in actual production.