某市金属制品业职业病危害现状及控制措施研究

Study on the present situation and control measures of occupational disease hazards in metal products industry of a city

目的了解某市金属制品业职业病危害种类、性质、分布特征、危害程度,提出相应职业病防治策略。方法以2018年某市职业病危害因素检测的金属制造企业为研究对象,收集50家金属制造企业职业病危害因素检测数据,并通过统计分析软件进行处理、分析。结果共检测2987个检测点,总体合格率为79.4%。不同危害因素检测合格率比较,合格率最低的是噪声,其次为粉尘和正己烷;不同岗位噪声检测,合格率最低的是冲压岗位,为15.7%,其次是切割和打磨岗位;粉尘检测合格率较低的是喷粉和喷砂岗位,分别为72.2%、78.8%;正己烷检测合格率较低的是涂胶喷胶、清洗擦拭岗位。不同规模企业的粉尘、噪声及正己烷合格率比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论某市金属制品业主要职业病危害因素有噪声、粉尘、正己烷、有机溶剂、酸碱等。重点关注冲压、喷粉、喷砂、机加工、打磨、电镀、喷胶、清洁等关键岗位,设置有效职业卫生防护设施,提高个人防护能力,开展职业健康监护。同时加强对小微型企业的监管力度,提高小微企业的综合治理能力,从而有效减少金属制品业职业病危害。

Objective To understand the types,properties,distribution characteristics,and degree of occupational disease hazards in the metal products industry of a city,and to propose corresponding occupational disease prevention and control strategies.Methods Taking metal manufacturing enterprises that underwent occupational disease hazard factors detection in 2018 as the research objects,50 metal manufacturing enterprises'occupational disease hazard factors testing data were collected,and processed and analyzed through statistical analysis software.Results A total of 2987 detection points were detected,and the overall qualification rate was 79.4%.Compared with the detection qualification rates of different hazardous factors,the lowest qualification rate was noise,followed by dust and n-hexane;the lowest qualification rate for noise detection in different positions was the stamping position,which was 15.7%,followed by the cutting and polishing positions;the lower qualification rates for dust detection were the powder spraying and sandblasting positions,with 72.2%and 78.8%respectively;the lower qualification rate of n-hexane detection were the positions of rubber coating and spraying glue,cleaning and wiping.The dust,noise and n-hexane qualification rates among enterprises of different scales were compared,and the differents were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The main occupational disease hazard factors in the metal products industry of a city included noise,dust,n-hexane,organic solvents,acid-base,etc.Key positions such as stamping,powder spraying,sandblasting,machining,polishing,electroplating,gluing,cleaning had been given special attertion,and effective occupational health protection facilities had been set up,personal protective capabilities had been improved,and occupational health monitoring had been carried out.At the same time,the supervision of small and micro enterprises had been strengthened,the comprehensive governance capacity of small and micro enterprises had been improved,so as to effectively reduce the occupational disease hazards of metal products industry.