神经外科危重患者气管切开的护理进展

Nursing progress of tracheotomy for critical patients in neurosurgery department

危重患者是神经外科临床比较特殊的患者群体,多见于脑出血、脑外伤患者。神经外科危重患者普遍存在发病急、病情重、病症多、变化迅速、护理难度高等临床特征,患者的临床死亡率相对偏高。很多神经外科危重患者存在意识不清晰,甚至长时间处于昏迷状态,患者无法自主呼吸,或者存在明显的自主呼吸困难问题。为了确保危重患者的呼吸顺畅,常需要采取气管切开术维持生命。气管切开是针对神经外科危重患者抢救以及诊治的重要措施,可以大幅度提升患者治疗效果。但神经外科危重患者的气管切开术需要做好临床护理工作,一旦护理措施不当容易引起多种并发症,严重威胁患者生命安全。做好神经外科危重患者气管切开术后的临床护理,能够明显降低并发症发生率,缩短患者的康复时间,提高患者预后效果。基于此,本文对神经外科危重患者气管切开的临床护理进展进行综述,希望为医学工作人员提供参考。

Critically ill patients are special clinical patients in neurosurgery,which are mostly seen in patients with cerebral hemorrhage and traumatic brain injury.Critically ill neurosurgery patients generally have clinical characteristics such as acute onset,severe illness,multiple symptoms,rapid changes,and high difficulty in nursing.The clinical mortality rate of patients is relatively high.Many critically ill patients in neurosurgery have unclear consciousness,or even remain in a coma for a long time.Patients cannot breathe spontaneously,or have obvious spontaneous breathing difficulties.In order to ensure that critically ill patients can breathe smoothly,tracheotomy is needed to maintain life.Tracheotomy is an important measure for the rescue,diagnosis and treatment of critically ill patients in neurosurgery,which can greatly improve the respiratory effect of patients.However,the tracheotomy of critically ill patients in neurosurgery needs to do a good job in clinical nursing,once the nursing measures are inappropriate,it is easy to cause a variety of complications,which seriously threaten the life safety of patients.Good clinical nursing of critical neurosurgical patients after tracheotomy can significantly reduce the incidence of complications,shorten the recovery time of patients,and improve the prognosis of patients.Based on this,the article reviews the clinical nursing measures of critical patients with tracheotomy in neurosurgery,hoping to provide reference for medical staff.