中国民营企业发展的多元模式研究

A Studyon the Multiple Models of Private Enterprise Development in China

改革开放以来中国民营经济不断发展壮大,其发展过程与机制成为学术界关注的议题。基于民营经济发展的三种理论视角,使用第十二次“中国私营企业调查”(CPES)数据,系统分析中国民营企业的关系网络一市场关系、政治关系、家族关系一一与经营绩效之间的关系,结果发现,大多数关系网络都有助于提高企业的经营绩效,但不同关系网络的作用在不同规模企业与制度环境下不一样。家族关系的积极作用随着企业规模增长、企业结构复杂化而变弱;市场经济体制发展越成熟的地方,市场关系的作用相应越突出。基于企业规模与企业所在地区的市场化水平,可以归纳出中国民营企业发展的四种“理想类型”:传统模式、社群模式、互惠模式与市场模式。

Since the reform and opening up,China's private economy has been developing and expanding,and its development process and mechanism have become a topic of academic concern.Based on three theoretical perspectives on private economic development,this paper examined the relationship between market relations,political relations,family relations and business performance of private enterprises by using data from the 12th National Survey of Private Enterprises.The results show that most of the relationship networks contribute to improving business performance,but the role of dfferent relationship networks varies across scales of enterprises and institutional environments.The positive effect of family relationship is weakened with the growth of enterprise scale and the complexity of enterprise structure;the more mature the market economy system is,the more prominent the role of market relationship is.Based on the scale of enterprises and the marketization level of the region where enterprises are located,four development modes of private enterprises can be summarized:traditional mode,community mode,mutual benefit mode and market mode.