基于多指标的镉低积累水稻品种筛选

Screening of rice varieties with low cadmium accumulation based on multiple indicators

为筛选高产且镉低积累水稻品种,选择江西省新余市主推的10个早稻和12个晚稻品种为材料,采用田间小区试验,比较不同水稻品种在轻度镉污染农田对镉吸收、积累和富集的差异,测定不同水稻品种的产量、糙米镉含量、富集系数和转运系数等指标。结果表明,不同水稻品种的糙米镉含量差异较大(P<0.05),早稻品种糙米中镉含量为0.11~0.25 mg·kg^(-1),晚稻品种糙米中镉含量为0.05~0.21 mg·kg^(-1),其中启两优1639、陵两优171和兴安香占等水稻品种糙米的镉含量超过国家限量标准值(0.20 mg·kg^(-1))。早稻品种糙米对土壤镉的富集系数为0.26~0.57,晚稻为0.17~0.73;早稻品种谷壳糙米转运系数为1.12~2.62,晚稻为0.26~2.75;糙米镉含量与富集系数、转运系数相一致。不同品种水稻产量为6.30~11.69 t·hm-2,早晚稻产量较高的分别是启两优1639和甬优4949。通过多目标的聚类分析,兼顾水稻产量与糙米镉累积情况,筛选出早稻品种陵两优47、晚稻品种甬优4949为新余市高产低镉品种。

To identify the rice varieties with the high-yield and low-cadmium content,10 early rice and 12 late rice varieties were selected as materials in Xinyu City,Jiangxi Province.Field plot experiments were conducted to compare the differences in cadmium absorption,accumulation and enrichment of different rice varieties in mildly cadmium contaminated farmland.The rice yield,cadmium content,enrichment coefficient and transport coefficient in brown rice were measured.Results demonstrated that the cadmium content in brown rice of different rice varieties was significantly different(P<0.05).The cadmium content in brown rice of early rice was 0.11-0.25 mg·kg^(-1),and the cadmium content in brown rice of late rice varieties was 0.05-0.21 mg·kg^(-1).The national limit standard value(0.20 mg·kg^(-1))was exceeded by some rice varieties,including Qiliangyou 1639,Lingliangyou 171 and Xing anxiangzhan.Cadmium enrichment coefficient of brown rice of early rice and late rice were 0.26-0.57 and 0.17-0.73,respectively;transport coefficient of bush-brown rice of early rice and late rice were 1.12-2.62 and 0.26-2.75,respectively.The enrichment and transit coefficients were commensurate with the cadmium level in brown rice.The yield of various rice cultivars ranged from 6.30 to 11.69 t·hm^(-2).Qiliangyou 1639 and Yongyou 4949 were the early and late rice types with the highest yield,respectively.Taking into account brown rice s cadmium accumulation and rice yield,Lingliangyou 47,an early rice variety,and Yongyou 4949,a late rice variety,were chosen as high-yield and low-cadmium varieties in Xinyu City by multi-objective cluster analysis.