汉长安城秦汉砖瓦陶文研究

The Inscriptions on Qin-Han Bricks and Tiles from Han Chang'an City

目次一发现情况二陶文分类及其属官考三陶文年代问题四砖瓦的生产与使用五结语以往的汉长安城考古发掘中发现数量最多的是砖瓦等建筑材料,它们一般由官府制陶作坊生产,其中一部分带官府戳印。这些戳印多以板瓦、筒瓦为载体,戳印多呈长方形,文字竖读,绝大多数为阳文,少数为阴文,亦有个别直接刻在砖瓦坯胎上。

Bricks and tiles unearthed from the site of Han Chang'an city were all produced by official government workshops.A minority of the bricks and tiles bear inscriptions-most of them were impressed,and a few were inscribed.The Han Chang'an city archaeology team of the Institute of Archaeology from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences collected over 400 samples of these inscriptions.The author selected around 340 pieces that have legible characters for this research.These inscriptions can be classified into two categories:official titles and chronological records.The official title category can be further divided into six subcategories.By studying different types of inscriptions,I delved into the production and administration of bricks and tiles in Han Chang'an city and the evolution of management practices and inscription styles during the Western Han.I also compared the inscriptions on the bricks and tiles from Han Chang'an city and those found at nearby archaeological sites from the Warring States,Qin,and Han periods.Regarding the construction history of Han Chang'an city,I chronologically categorized these inscriptions,identifying a group from the Qin-Han transition.This classification will aid the future dating of bricks and tiles from the late Qin to early Han period.Certain inscriptions from Han Chang'an city carry forward styles from the Qin dynasty,while others demonstrate adaptations.These inscriptions were prevalent up until the Taichu era under Emperor Wu of Han,after which they vanished.The new dated inscriptions emerged during Emperor Yuan's reign.The inscriptions can be chronologically divided into three periods.In the early period,from Qin to the beginning of Han until the first year of the Taichu era,the inscriptions are primarily official titles.The Chamberlain for the Palace Buildings(Jiangzuo dajiang)and his subordinates as well as the subordinates of the Chamberlain for the Palace Revenues(Shaofu)oversaw the production.In the middle period,from the first year of the Taichu era until Emperor Yuan's reign,no inscriptions are found,and it's unclear who managed their production.The late period,from Emperor Yuan to Wang Mang's rule,features dated inscriptions.Officials overseeing production during this period are the Chief Director of Convict Labor(Du sikong ling)a subordinate of the Imperial Clan(Zongzheng fu).