五种寄主植物挥发物的主要成分及华星天牛对其电生理和行为反应

Principal components of volatiles from five host plants and electrophysiological and behavioral responses of citrus longhorned beetle Anoplophora chinensis

为开发华星天牛Anoplophora chinensis引诱剂,采用动态顶空吸附法收集浙江省慈溪市沿海防护林中华星天牛5种寄主植物(柑橘Citrus reticulata、苦楝Melia azedarach、黄山栾树Koelreuteria bipinnata、木麻黄Casuarina equisetifolia、金丝垂柳Salix×aureo-pendula)的挥发物,采用气相色谱-质谱(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)联用技术对其进行鉴定和分析,采用气相色谱-触角电位(gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection,GC-EAD)联用技术解析各植物中引起触角电生理反应的活性物质,通过Y型嗅觉仪测定华星天牛对5种寄主植物和7种活性物质的行为反应。结果显示,在5种寄主植物挥发物中共鉴定出75种化合物,分为8个化学型;5种寄主植物可被分成3组,不同组间挥发物的组成不同,同组内不同植物种间有共有组分和特异组分;在较为吸引华星天牛的柑橘和苦楝挥发物中,萜烯类占比高。(±)-柠檬烯、γ-松油烯、壬醛、β-石竹烯和α-法呢烯能引起华星天牛触角发生电位反应,(±)-柠檬烯为柑橘挥发物独有成分;金丝垂柳挥发物不能引起华星天牛触角电位反应。苦楝和柑橘对华星天牛的引诱作用较强,显著高于黄山栾树和木麻黄;金丝垂柳对华星天牛无引诱作用;β-石竹烯和γ-松油烯对华星天牛有显著的引诱作用,按照寄主植物挥发物比例混配的化合物对华星天牛的引诱作用强于单体化合物。

To develop attractants for citrus longhorned beetle Anoplophora chinensis,key active components of volatiles from five main host plants(Citrus reticulata,Melia azedarach,Koelreuteria bipinnata,Casuarina equisetifolia and Salix×aureo-pendula)of A.chinensis in Cixi coastal protective forest in Zhejiang Province were collected,their components were identified and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)coupling technique,and their active components were identified using gas chromatography-electroantennogram detection(GC-EAD)coupling technique,and the behavioral response of A.chinensis to volatiles of the five plants and seven active substances was assayed using Y-tube olfactometer.The results showed that a total of 75 compounds were identified in the volatile substances of the five plants,which were divided into eight chemical types and three groups.The composition of volatiles in different groups was significantly different,and there were either common or special components between different plant species in the same group.Terpenes accounted for a high proportion of volatiles in M.azedarach and C.reticulata,which attracted A.chinensis.(±)-limonene,γ-terpinene,nonanal,β-caryophyllene andα-farnesene caused GC-EAD response from A.chinensis.(±)-limonene was a unique active component in C.reticulata.No EAD-active components were found in Salix×aureo-pendula.The volatiles of M.azedarach and C.reticulata had stronger attraction to A.chinensis,which was significantly higher than that to K.bipinnata and C.equisetifolia.Salix×aureopendula had no attraction to A.chinensis.Anoplophora chinensis was strongly attracted byβ-caryophyllene andγ-terpinene.Compared with individual compounds,the mixed substances according to the proportion of components in plant volatiles were more attractive.