合法的边缘性参与视角下顶岗实习模式的创新——H学校“现代师徒制顶岗实习”的探索与实践

Innovation of On-the-job Internship Mode from the Perspective of Legitimate Marginal Participation-The Exploration and Practice of the“Modern Master-apprentice System for On-the-job Internship”at School H

顶岗实习是培养中职学生技能的重要学习方式,自下而上探索顶岗实习的有效模式对于职业学校深化产教融合、培养高技能人才具有重要的意义与价值。H学校在转型为中等职业学校之后,针对顶岗实习中存在的问题,进行现代师徒制顶岗实习的探索与改革。在探索过程中,共建中高职现代学徒制,搭建“升学+就业”的通道;探索现代师徒制顶岗实习模式,产教融合贯穿全过程;创新顶岗实习课程,编制顶岗实习教材;改革评价体系,引导学生反思等,校企合作共同育人,取得了良好成效。基于合法的边缘性参与理论,职业学校学生的顶岗实习需要在实践共同体中学习,以获取缄默知识;以合法的身份参与顶岗实习,反思与行动相结合;以向心方向规划顶岗实习,逐步让学生从新手成长为熟手。

On-the-job internship is an important learning method for secondary vocational students to cultivate skills.It's significant and valuable for vocational schools to deepen the industry-education integration and cultivate high-skilled talents by exploring an effective mode of on-the-job internship from the bottom up.After being transformed into a secondary vocational school,School H explored and reformed the modern on-the-job apprenticeship system in view of the problems existing in on-the-job internship.In the exploration,they created a modern apprenticeship system combining middle and higher vocational schools,and built a channel of"further education+employment",explored the modern apprenticeship internship mode,and integrated industry and education through the whole process;innovated internship courses,and compiled internship teaching materials;reformed evaluation models,and guided students to reflect.The school-enterprise cooperation in education have achieved good results.Based on the legitimate marginal participation theory,vocational school students need to learn in the practice community to acquire tacit knowledge;participate in the internship in a legitimate capacity,combining reflection and action;plan the internship in a centripetal direction,and gradually grow from novice to proficient.