小学儿童心理困难对攻击性的影响及心理弹性的中介机制

The Influence of Psychological Difficulties on Aggression in Primary School Children and the Mediating Mechanism of Psychological Resilience

小学儿童的心理困难是导致其出现攻击性的重要因素之一,在帮助儿童增进心理健康,减少攻击性的过程中,心理弹性发挥着重要作用。本研究试图探讨小学儿童心理弹性在心理困难与攻击性的相互影响关系中的作用。研究采用儿童心理弹性量表、儿童攻击量表和长处困难量表对568名小学3-6年级学生进行了问卷调查。结果发现:农村学生的情绪问题和被动攻击得分显著高于城市学生;女生的亲社会行为和心理弹性得分显著高于男生;3年级学生的多项心理困难得分显著高于高年级学生;在心理弹性、攻击性行为、与心理困难的相互关系中,心理弹性能负向预测攻击行为,并在心理困难和攻击行为的关系中起显著的中介作用。上述结果提示,有必要在小学生心理健康工作中针对不同年级、不同性别、不同生源地学生采取不同的心理健康教育策略,同时建议通过增强儿童的心理弹性来减少儿童攻击性的产生。

The psychological difficulties of primary school children are one of the important factors leading to their aggression.Psychological resilience plays an important role in helping children improve their mental health and reduce aggression.This study attempts to explore the role of psychological resilience in the interaction between psychological difficulties and aggression among primary school children.A questionnaire survey was conducted on 568 primary school students in grades 3-6,using the Children's Psychological Resilience Scale,Children's Aggression Scale,and Strengths Difficulty Scale.The results showed that:rural students had significantly higher scores in emotional problems and passive aggression than urban students;girls had significantly higher scores in prosocial behavior and psychological resilience than boys;the scores of multiple psychological difficulties among third grade students were significantly higher than those of senior grade students;in the relationship between psychological resilience,aggressive behavior,and psychological difficulties,psychological resilience negatively predicted aggressive behavior;and it played a significant mediating role in the relationship between psychological difficulties and aggressive behavior.The above results suggest the necessity of adopting different psychological health education strategies for students of different grades,genders,and origins in the mental health work of primary school students;it is also advised to reduce the occurrence of aggression in children by enhancing their psychological resilience.