石家庄滹沱河山前冲洪积扇地下水位动态演变特征及影响机制

Characteristics of Groundwater Level Dynamic Evolution and Influence Factors in Mountain-Front Alluvial Plain of Hutuo River in Shijiazhuang

为探寻人类活动影响下的石家庄滹沱河山前冲洪积扇地下水位动态时空演变特征及影响因素,以研究区年降水量、地下水埋深、地下水开采量,人口、GDP等数据为基础,绘制不同阶段的地下水平均水位变幅图和地下水流场图,探讨了地下水流场时空演变特征,在此基础上充分探究了人类活动(地下水开采、人工压采)、自然因素(降水)和其他因素(人口、GDP、土地利用类型)对地下水位动态的影响机制。研究结果表明:1)时间尺度上,1980—2000年研究区年均地下水埋深缓慢增大,2000—2015年快速增大,2015—2021年呈现减小趋势,其中2016年为转折点;空间尺度上,研究区地下水埋深呈现西北小、东南大的特点,地下水整体由西北流向东南。2)1980—2015年研究区内地下水降落漏斗面积较大,地下水在漏斗区发生汇流,2015年后研究区内地下水降落漏斗面积逐渐减小,汇流情况逐渐消失。3)1980—2000年降水与地下水农业开采为年均地下水埋深变化的直接主导因素,2000—2015年地下水工业开采转变为直接主导因素,2015—2021年人工压采转变为直接主导因素。4)人口、GDP以及土地利用类型间接影响研究区整体地下水埋深,石家庄滹沱河山前冲洪积扇地下水埋深变化有明显的阶段性特点。

In order to analysis the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics and influencing factors of groundwater level in the mountain-front alluvial plain of Hutuo River in Shijiazhuang under the influence of human activities,based on the data of precipitation,groundwater level depth,groundwater exploitation,population and GDP in the study area,the average groundwater level variation map and groundwater flow field of different stages are drawn,and the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of groundwater flow field are discussed.On this basis,the mechanisms by which human activities(groundwater extraction,artificial governance),natural factors(precipitation)and other factors(population,GDP,land-use type)influence the dynamics of the groundwater level are fully analised.The results show that:1)On the time scale,the buried depth of groundwater level in the study area increases slowly from 1980 to 2000,increases rapidly from 2000 to 2015,and decreases from 2015 to 2021,and 2016 is the turning point.2)Groundwater funnel area in Shijiazhuang urban area is large from 1980 to 2015,and groundwater confluence occurs in the funnel area.After 2015,groundwater funnel area in the study area gradually decreases and the confluence gradually disappears.3)Precipitation and agricultural exploitation of groundwater are the dominant factors in the change of groundwater table from 1980 to 2000,industrial exploitation of groundwater is the dominant factor from 2000 to 2015,and artificial governance is the dominant factor from 2015 to 2021.4)Population,GDP and land use types indirectly affect the groundwater depth in the study area,and the variation of groundwater depth in the mountain-front alluvial plain of Hutuo River in Shijiazhuang has obvious stage characteristics.