“以审判为中心”改革的偏离与回归——以诉讼阶段论的“中心化”现象为批判视角

Deviation and Return of the Reform of“Trial-Centered”:from the Critical Perspective of the“Centralization”Phenomenon in Litigation Stage Theory

近10年来“以审判为中心”的诉讼制度改革,是一个不断试错并伴随着复杂博弈的过程,理想与现实的偏差亦是不可避免.“以审判为中心”的提出,其目的是为纠正“侦查中心主义”的偏离,而在实践中,对“侦查中心主义”的纠偏尚未完成,“起诉中心主义”却有所形成,致使“以审判为中心”的改革更为被动.随着«刑事诉讼法»的再次修改被纳入立法规划,“以审判为中心”与“侦查中心主义”“起诉中心主义”的关系亟待进一步澄清,更有待立法对此作出回应.具体的完善路径方面,应重回“以审判为中心”改革的正轨,厘清“以审判为中心”与认罪认罚从宽制度之间的关系,废除案卷式审判以倒逼普通程序庭审的真正实质化,同时还应重视补充完善辩方权利.但是,对侦查的功效不可全盘否定,应通过“合法外力”对“侦查中心主义”所造成的弊端予以纠正.检察权之运行,既要强化对程序的“自我”推动,也要坚持公诉权的正确行使,同时通过主动释明来消解控辩、控审之间的冲突,从而实现认罪认罚从宽制度的多元价值.

Looking back at the reform of“trial-centered”in the past decade,the deviation between ideals and reality has become increasingly prominent.The proposal of“trial-centered”is aimed at correcting the deviation of“investigative centrism”.However,the correction of“investigative centrism”has not yet been completed,while“prosecution centrism”has taken shape,making the reform of“trial-centered”more passive.With the re-amendment of the Criminal Procedure Law being incorporated into legislative planning,the relationship between“trial-centered”and“investigation centered”and“prosecution centered”needs to be further clarified in order to provide a clear response to this in the legislation.In terms of specific improvement paths,we should return to the track of the“trial-centered”reform and clarify the relationship between“trial-centered”and the lenient system of confession and punishment.We should abolish the case file trial to force the trial to become substantive,and at the same time,we should also attach importance to supplementing and improving the rights of the defense.The leading role of prosecution should move towards proactive prosecution,which not only strengthens the self-promotion of the procedure,but also insists on the correct exercise of the right of public prosecution.At the same time,by actively explaining and resolving conflicts among all parties,the multiple values of the leniency system for confession and punishment can be realized.