“道”“德”“仁”“艺”:先秦儒家君子人格的基本内涵、养成路径与当代价值

“Path”“Virtue”“Benevolence”“Arts”:the Basic Connotation,Cultivation Path,and Contemporary Value of Pre-Qin Confucian Gentleman Personality

君子是先秦儒家理想人格的集中呈现和现实形态,儒家通过培养君子来传承儒家文化,进而实现其“修齐治平”“天下大同”的社会理想和道德理想。君子具有“志于道”“据于德”“依于仁”“游于艺”的基本内涵。道是君子的信仰和方向,德是其内涵和修养,仁是其德性的合理展开,艺是其现实载体,既凸显了君子作为“理想的人”的一般本质,又富有关切人伦日用的社会现实性。君子以“好学:学思并用”“克己:慎独内省”“力行:改过迁善”为养成路径。儒家君子人格思想对中华文明影响深远,其人格范式在今天仍然具有深刻的理论意义和当代价值。

The gentleman is the concentrated presentation and realistic form of pre-Qin Confucian ideal personality.Confucianism inherits Confucian culture by cultivating gentlemen,and then realizes its social ideal and moral ideal of“maintaining harmony and peace”and“great harmony in the world”.A gentleman has the basic connotation of“with path as the ambition,with virtue as the basis,with benevolence as the basis,activities within the scope of the six arts”.Path is the belief and direction of the gentleman,virtue is its connotation and cultivation,benevolence is the rational expansion of its virtue,and art is its reality carrier,path,virtue,benevolence and art not only highlight the general nature of the gentleman as an“ideal person”,but also enrich the social reality related to“the daily use of human ethics”.The gentleman restrains himself with“being studious:learning and thinking,practices by being”self-conscious,and takes“reforming and improving”as a way to develop.The Confucian gentleman personality thought has a profound influence on Chinese civilization,and its personality paradigm still has profound theoretical significance and contemporary value today.