农产品价格补贴政策演进、效应评估与顶层设计

Evolution,Effect Evaluation and Top-level Design of Agricultural Product Price Subsidy Policy

农产品价格补贴政策在中国经历了较长时期的演进,围绕未来价格支持政策应当如何转型也存在较大争议。当前的价格补贴政策,基本实现了因品施策,其中大豆和棉花均经历了临时收储和目标价格补贴政策这两种价格补贴政策,但大豆于2017年放弃实施价格补贴政策,而棉花则继续实施。基于此,通过评估大豆目标价格补贴政策效应,并且对比分析二者政策路径选择差异,研究发现应当坚持市场化导向的价格补贴制度,在不扭曲市场价格和降低价格波动的基础上降低生产者价格风险损失。但在实践层面需注意,要科学合理确定补贴水平和方式,应加强全产业链的信息化建设,综合运用保险、期货等金融工具。

The price subsidy policy of agricultural products has experienced a long period of evolution in China,and there are great disputes about how to transform the price support policy in the future.The current price subsidy policy has basically realized the implementation of the policy according to the product,among which soybeans and cotton have experienced two kinds of price subsidy policies:temporary storage and target price subsidy policy,but in 2017,China gave up the price subsidy policy for soybeans,and continued to implement the price subsidy policy for cotton.Based on this,by evaluating the effect of the target price subsidy policy for soybeans and comparing and analyzing the differences in the choice of policy paths between the two,the study finds that China should adhere to the market-oriented price subsidy system,and reduce the risk loss of producer prices on the basis of not distorting market prices and reducing price fluctuations.However,at the practical level,it is necessary to pay attention to not only the scientific and reasonable determination of the level and method of subsidies,but also the information construction of the whole industry chain and the comprehensive use of financial instruments such as insurance and futures.