理论式微与治理转向:论新世纪以来西方贫困研究的“贫困”

Theoretical decline and governance transition:a study on"poverty" of western poverty research since the 21st century

1998年,阿玛蒂亚·森因在贫困理论研究上的贡献被授予诺贝尔经济学奖。此后,围绕权利方法和能力理论,西方学者争论不断,发展经济学、社会学、政治学和社会工作等学科亦在贫困理论研究上取得一定进展。贫困线研究、反贫困行动研究、参与式贫困研究和随机对照实验推动了西方贫困研究的治理转向和范式转型。2019年,该奖项再次授予研究减贫问题的学者。以两次诺贝尔经济学奖为切入点,通过对西方贫困研究的系统性梳理和反思,发现理论建构式微和方法论上的技术主义倾向导致西方贫困研究自身在21世纪陷入“贫困”。面向未来,反贫困依然是贫困研究的重点,我国亦应继续加强反贫困理论体系提炼和国际对话。

In 1998,Amartya Sen was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for his research on poverty theory.After then,there have been continuous debates among the western scholars around the entitlement approach and capability theory,and theoretical progress has also been made in development economics,sociology,political science as well as social work.Poverty line research,anti-poverty behavior research,participatory poverty research,and randomized controlled trials have promoted the governance shift and paradigm transformation of western poverty research.In 2019,the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences was awarded to three scholars studying anti-poverty.Based on the two Nobel Prizes in Economics,this paper systematically reviews and reflects on the western poverty research,and finds that theoretical construction decline and the technicalism tendency in methodology lead the western poverty research itself to fall into"poverty"in the 21st century.In the future,anti-poverty is still the focus of poverty research,and China should continue to strengthen theoretical refinement of anti-poverty theoretical system and international dialogue.