城际轨道交通定期票对通勤旅客的影响及其效果

Influence and Impact of Intercity Rail Transit Periodical Ticket on Commuters

为研究城际轨道交通定期票对通勤旅客的影响及其对客流和票款收入的综合效果,先分析定期票有效期内最大可用次数K和折扣系数β与旅客平均单程票价关系;然后,建立基于旅客出行频率的多项Logit模型,引入定期票下客流量与票款收入的价格弹性系数,设置兼顾客流量和运营企业票款收入的最优定期票目标函数;最后,设置算例,探讨定期票的综合效果以及最优定期票。结果表明:随着K的增加,定期票对城际轨道交通弱通勤旅客分担率的影响下降,对中、强通勤旅客分担率的影响先增后降,而随着β的增加,通勤旅客分担率持续下降;实行定期票制会降低运营企业的票款收入,但会提升旅客周转量;通道内出行频率高的旅客占比较大时,实施定期票的效果更好,在以强、中、弱通勤旅客为主的3种情景下,最优定期票下的目标函数值比现行定期票下的依次高2.20%,2.17%和1.96%;通勤距离较长时定期票的效果更好,通勤距离为50 km时实行定期票会降低目标函数值,而90 km时则会有效提升目标函数值。

In order to study the influences of intercity rail transit periodical ticket on commuters and its comprehensive effects on passenger flow and fare revenue,the relationship between the maximum number of available times K and discount coefficientβof periodical ticket within validity period and the average one-way ticket price for passengers is first analyzed.Then,a multinomial Logit model based on passenger travel frequency is established,the price elasticity coefficient of passenger flow and fare revenue under periodical ticket is introduced,and an optimal objective function of periodical ticket that consider both passenger flow and fare revenue of operators is set up.Finally,a case is designed to discuss the comprehensive effects of periodical ticket and its optimal strategy.The results show that with the increase of K,the influence of periodical ticket on the share rate of commuters with low frequency in intercity rail transit decreases,while the influence of that on the share rate of commuters with medium or high frequency increases first and then decreases;with the increase ofβ,the share rate of commuters shows continuous decrease.The implementation of periodical ticket system reduces the fare revenue of the operators,but increases passenger turnover.When the passengers with high travel frequency in the corridor account for a relatively large proportion,the implementation of periodical ticket is more effective.In three scenarios dominated by commuters with high,medium and low frequency,the objective function value under the optimal periodical ticket strategy is 2.20%,2.17%and 1.96%higher than that under the current periodical ticket strategy respectively.The effect of periodical ticket is better when the commuting distance is relatively long.For example,when the commuting distance is 50 km,the implementation of periodical ticket reduces the objective function value,while when the commuting distance is 90 km,it significantly increases the objective function value.