高铁建设对湖南省4大区域的虹吸效应及其差异研究

Siphon Effects of High-Speed Rail Construction on Four Regions in Hunan Province and Their Differences

高铁建设有效地促进了要素在不同区域间的流动,但对不同地区有不同的影响。以湖南省高铁开通作为准自然实验,将湖南省4大区域96个县域作为研究对象,利用高铁冲击前后4年及当年的县域经济平衡面板数据,采用合成控制法评估高铁建设对不同区域经济的影响。结果表明:高铁建设对经济增长的影响因地区发展程度而异,具有外生变量的特点;在双重效应的共同作用下,湖南省4大区域因高铁而产生的经济效应各不相同,具体表现为湘北虹吸效应最小,其次是湘南,湘中影响较大,而湘西虹吸效应最大。高铁建成后,部分县域经济呈正向增长;有些地区的经济受虹吸影响较大,使得这些地区的劳动力等生产要素外流,经济呈现负增长;此外,少部分县域高铁建设的2个经济效应被抵消,经济增速没有明显变化。基于此,各地区只有充分发挥好自身的优势,有效稀释高铁网络对经济资源的“虹吸效应”,形成“流出-流入”的良性循环,才能更好地促进经济增长。

High-speed rail construction effectively facilitates the flow of factors between different regions,however,it has different impacts on different regions.Taking the opening of high-speed railway in Hunan Province as a quasi-natural experiment,96 counties in four major regions of Hunan Province are taken as the research objects,and the effects of high-speed rail construction on the economy of different regions are assessed by the synthetic control method,using the balanced panel data of the county economy in each of the four years before and after high-speed rail impacts.The results show that the impact of high-speed rail construction on economic growth varies with the degree of regional development and has the characteristics of exogenous variables.Under the joint action of the dual effects,the economic effect of high-speed rail in the four major regions of Hunan Province are different,which is manifested in the fact that the siphon effect in north Hunan is the smallest,followed by south Hunan,the impact in central Hunan is larger,while the siphon effect in west Hunan is the largest.After the construction of high-speed rail,the economy of some counties shows positive growth;the economy of some regions is greatly affected by the siphon effect,which makes the labor force and other factors of production of these regions flow out,and the economy shows negative growth;in addition,the two economic effects of high-speed rail construction in a small number of counties are offset,and the economic growth rate has no obvious change.Based on this,only by giving full play to their own advantages,effectively suppressing the“siphon effect”of high-speed rail network on economic resources,and forming a virtuous circle of“outflow-inflow”,can each region better promote economic growth.