义齿性口腔炎的发病机制和防治

Pathogenesis and preventions of denture stomatitis

义齿性口腔炎(denture stomatitis,DS)是多因素引发的义齿佩戴人群频发的口腔疾病之一,指义齿承托区黏膜发生的红斑样病变,是一种局限性非特异性损害,严重危害佩戴者的口腔健康。传统药物治疗易产生耐药菌株,寻找新的治疗方案具有重要意义。目前针对DS的防治方式主要有对病变部位的直接用药(唑类、多烯类抗生素),义齿清洁剂搭配物理消毒法对义齿的口外清洁,以及义齿材料改性等多种方法。近年兴起的天然成分制剂具有安全、方便、价廉、不易产生耐药菌株的特点,是治疗DS药物的新来源。激光治疗便捷安全,具有优越的抗菌性能,不易产生耐药性,也被认为很有前景。抗菌剂赋予义齿新的特性,义齿改性将是一条治疗DS的新途径。药物治疗联合不同防治方法对白色念珠菌展现出更好的抗菌性,也为未来探索防治DS提供新思路。

Denture stomatitis(DS)is one of the frequent oral diseases caused by multiple factors among denture wearers and is an erythematous lesion of the mucosa in the denture-bearing area,which is a limited and non-specific damage that seriously endangers the oral health of denture wearers.Traditional drug treatment for DS is effective,but it is prone to the development of drug-resistant strains.Therefore,it is important to find new treating options.For the prevention and treatment of DS,there are various methods such as direct administration of azole and polyene antibiotics to the mucosal lesions,extra-oral cleaning of the denture by cleansers and physical disinfection,and modification of denture materials.Natural ingredient preparations that have emerged in recent years are safe,convenient,inexpensive,and less likely to produce drug-resistant strains,and are seen as new sources of drugs for DS treatment.Photodynamic therapy has shown superior antibacterial properties and is also considered promising due to the convenience and safety of the treatment process and the ease of developing drug resistance.Antibacterial agents endow dentures with new characteristics,and denture modification will be a new way to treat DS.In addition,combining different prevention and control methods has shown better antibacterial activity against Candida albicans,which also provides new ideas for prevention and treatment of DS in the future.