青海地区产妇产后抑郁危险因素及社会支持现状的关系研究

Study on the Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression in Qinghai and its Relationship with Social Support

目的:探讨青海地区产后抑郁(postpartum depression,PPD)发生的危险因素及社会支持现状与PPD发生的关系。方法:采用定点随机抽样方法选取2020年1月—2020年7月在我院分娩的520名产后42天产妇,使用爱丁堡产后抑郁量表评估PPD发生情况,分析PPD发生的独立危险因素;采用社会支持量表评估产妇的社会支持情况,分析产妇社会支持与PPD发生的关系。结果:520例产妇爱丁堡PPD评分平均为(8.39±2.47)分,其中97例产妇PPD评分≥13分,PPD发生率为18.65%;分析结果显示,抑郁事件家族史、年龄(17~24)岁、常住地在农村、初中及以下文化程度、无医疗保险、再婚/离婚/分居的婚姻状态、采取助孕措施、新生儿低体重和性别不符合预期是产妇产后发生抑郁的独立危险因素。抑郁组产妇的社会支持量表总分、主观支持分、客观支持分和支持利用度评分均低于非抑郁组产妇(P<0.05)。结论:青海地区PPD发病危险因素较多,良好的社会支持能够降低PPD的发生率。

Objective:This study is aimed to discuess postpartum depression and its related factores in Qinghai area.Methods:Using the principle of sixed-point random sampling,520 parturients after 42 days postpartum depression were selected from our hospital from January to Julg in 2020,whose incidence of postpartum depression was evaluated with Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale(EPDS),and the independent risk factors of postpartum depression was analyzed with multivariate logistic regression,while the social support of puerpera was evaluated with social support scale,relationship between social support and postpartum depression was analyzed with pearson correlation.Results:Average score of EPDS was(8.39±2.47)in 520 parturients,and Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale score was higher than 13 in 97 parturients,and their incidence of Postpartum Depression was 18.65%.Analysis showed that family history of depression,age 17-24 years old,permanent residence in rural area,education level of junior high school or below,no medical insurance,remarriage/divorce/separation marital status,pregnancy help,and low birth weight or gender without meeting expectations were independent risk factors of postpartum depression.Total score of social support scale,subjective support score,objective support score and support utilization score in depressive group were lower than those in non-depressive group(P<0.05).Conclusion:There are many risk factors for postpartum depression in Qinghai region,good social support can reduce the incidence of postpartum depression.