风险预防功能下行政黑名单列入程序的重构

Reconstruction of Administrative Blacklist Listing ProcedureUnder Risk Prevention Function Perspective

行政黑名单具有失信惩戒和风险预防双重功能。现有行政黑名单列入程序的内核是传统行政程序,服务于失信惩戒。然而,风险预防与失信惩戒存在本质区别,具有独立性,与现有列入程序不兼容,故导致诸多问题,需要建构协商整改程序予以解决。协商整改程序符合法律规定,并体现回应性规制、合作治理等原理。协商整改程序的主要内容为:适用于首次被列入行政黑名单,具有悔改意愿、不具备特定违法结果,且对列入行政黑名单决定无异议的信用主体。行政机关与信用主体沟通协商,以较弱的规制措施,换取信用主体的隐藏信息与合作。行政机关动态调整规制措施,并向第三人及公众提供参与机会。对于不能达成协议或是协议被撤销的,行政机关则以现有的列入程序兜底。

The administrative blacklist has the functions of punishing dishonest behavior and preventing risks.The core of the existing administrative blacklist listing procedure is the traditional administrative procedure.It serves the function of punishment.However,the risk prevention function is essentially different from the punishment function,which is independent and incompatible with the listing procedure.Therefore,many problems have been caused and need to be solved by constructing negotiation and rectification procedure.The negotiation procedure conforms to the legal provisions,embodies the principles including responsive regulation and cooperative governance.The main content of the negotiation and rectification procedure is that it applies to credit subjects who are listed on the administrative blacklist for the first time without dissent or certain illegal results and is willing to repent.Administrative agencies communicate and negotiate with credit subjects and exchange hidden information and cooperation with weak regulatory measures.Administrative agencies adjust regulation measures dynamically and provide opportunities for third parties and the public to participate.If the agreement cannot be reached or is revoked,the administrative agencies will use the existing listing procedures.