甲午战争前后日本知识分子的世界历史认识

Japanese Intellectuals’Understanding of World History before and after the Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895

日本由前近代向近代转型的过程中,历史意识勃然兴起,一部部以“万国史”冠名的教科书和历史书籍鱼贯而出,载述着知识分子对世界历史的理解和认知。甲午战争后,日本已成为帝国主义国家这一政治观念支配了知识分子看待世界历史的眼光,他们亟需改写“万国史”,将日本史纳入世界历史,阐发日本在世界历史中的位置。与“帝国日本”的崛起相伴而生的,是日本人愈加汹涌澎湃的“世界史”意识。他们将“国家”的历史与“世界史”连接起来,通过解释“世界史”来争夺历史的主导权和文明的话语权。

During Japan’s transition from the pre-modern to the modern era,a strong sense of historical consciousness emerged.Numerous textbooks and historical books bearing titles such as“World History”were published,documenting intellectuals’understanding and perception of world history.After the First Sino-Japanese War,Japan had already embraced imperialist political ideas,which influenced how intellectuals viewed world history.There was a pressing need to rewrite“world history”to incorporate Japanese history into the global narrative and elucidate Japan’s position in world history.With the rise of“Imperial Japan”,a fervent sense of“world history”consciousness emerged among the Japanese people.They connected the history of the“nation”with“world history”and vied for dominance in history and discourse on civilization by interpreting“world history”.