“只怕”的成词与功能演化

The Formation and the Functional Evolution of“Zhipa”

“只怕”在现代汉语中既作动词短语使用,表示“仅仅害怕”,也是表示揣测推断的语气副词。“只”“怕”连用最早追溯到魏晋时期,经过近代汉语时期的高频使用,在主观化与交互主观化机制的推动下,于明清时期成为语气副词。现代汉语时期,语气副词“只怕”显示出句法分布的灵活性、推测语义的差异性、衔接方式的多样性等鲜明特点。

In modern Chinese,“Zhipa”is a phrasal verb,meaning“merely afraid”,and also a modal adverb,which means conjectural speculation.The combination of“Zhi”and“Pa”could be traced back to the Wei and Jin Dynasties.After the high frequency of use in the late ancient Chinese period,“Zhipa”became a modal adverb in the Ming and Qing Dynasties under the promotion of the subjectification and intersubjectification.In the modern Chinese period,the modal adverb“Zhipa”shows some distinct features,such as flexibility of syntactic distribution,difference of conjectural speculation and diversity of cohesive modes.