北宋政学关系新探:以范仲淹的忧患意识为核心

A New Exploration of the Relationship between Politics and Scholarship in the Northern Song Dynasty:Core Analysis of Fan Zhongyan's Suffering Consciousness

要范仲淹的“忧患意识”是他鲜明的主体精神与宋王朝革故鼎新的时代需求交融契合的结果。这种主体精神与时代命运交融契合的“忧患意识”展开为“众心为心”的天下情怀,“先忧后乐”的忘我精神,“穷变通久”的危机意识,“不以物喜,不以己悲”的修养境界等四个精神维度。范仲淹以垂身示范的士人精神彻底扭转了长期以来士人群体“集体无意识”的隐逸之风。他们以学风激励士风、以士风推动政风、以政风助推改革,形成了士大夫群体所崇尚的一种由忧患意识所激发的天下情怀和通经致用精神,成为促进北宋中期士人群体政学贯通的精神动能。范仲淹不仅影响了他同时代的士人、士德、士风与社会,而且对后来历代士大夫的精神世界产生了深刻影响,乃至对于我们在新时代深刻理解家国情怀具有重要启发意义。

Fan Zhongyan's Suffering Consciousness is the result of the integration and fusion of his distinctive subjective spirit and the era's demand for reform and innovation in the Song Dynasty.Suffering Consciousness which the subjective spirit and the era's destiny integrated and fused can unfold into four moral dimensions:the world sentiment of"taking the common people's heart as the heart",the selless spirit of"concern first and enjoy afterwards",the crisis consciousness of"change and continuity",and the cultivation realm of"not pleased by external gains,not saddened by personal losses".Fan Zhongyan's scholar spirit,demonstrated by his own example,completely reversed the trend of the scholar-official class's"collective unconsciousness"of seclusion for a long time.They used their academic style to inspire the character of scholars,promote political integrity with the character of scholars,and promote reform with political integrity.Then the spirit of world sentiment and practical application inspired by the Suffering Consciousness was formed,which the scholar-official class admired and pursued,and it became the spiritual driving force for promoting scholar-officials to link up politics and academics in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty.Fan Zhongyan not only influenced the scholar-official class,the character of scholar-officials,the morality of scholar-officials and the society in his contemporary,but also had a profound impact on the spiritual world of later generations of scholar-fficials,which it is of great significance for us to understand deeply the feelings of family and country in the new era.