多重可实现真的能否定解释性还原吗?

Does Multiple Realizability Really Negate Explanatory Reduction?

多重可实现一直被视为造成解释还原困境的一大挑战。传统解释还原者据此展开辩护,尽管一定程度上回应了解释还原挑战,但是究其本质存在三个问题:过分强调底层机制解释、不能容纳解释多元主义以及没有对多重可实现现象的解释还原作出深度说明。为使多重可实现的解释还原能够同时修正以上问题,且兼容还原物理主义立场,亟需一个既能够允许多种科学层次存在,又能够打破对多元解释主义偏见的解释还原框架。该解释框架基于一种对“机制”的二元论定义:机制包括实体的组织构成和造成现象相关的活动组织方式,主张多层次复杂系统的运行决定了目标现象和规律,是一种既容纳还原解释,也允许非还原解释存在的综合解释框架。

Multiple realizability has long been seen as a challenge that poses a dilemma for explanatory reduction.Although the traditional explanatory re-ductionists have responded to the challenge of explanatory reduction to some extent,there are three problems in its essence:overemphasis on the explana-tion ofunderlying mechanisms,inability to accommodate the pluralism of explanation,and lack of in-depth explanation of the explanatory reduction of multiple realization phenomena.In order for explanatory reduction of multiple realizability to be able to simultaneously correct the above problems and to be compatible with the reductive physicalism,there is an urgent need for an explanatory reduction framework that allows for the existence of multiple scien-tific hierarchies and breaks down the bias against the pluralism of explanation.This explanatory framework is based on a dualistic definition of"mecha-nism":mechanism includes the organizational structure of entities and the organization of activities related to phenomena,arguing that the operation of multi-level complex systems determines the target phenomena and laws,it is a comprehensive explanatory framework that accommodates both reductive andnon-reductiveexplanationsto exist.