科技社团史与科学思想的发展变迁

The History of Scientific Societies and the Development of Scientific Thought

17世纪是科学社团成型化时期,科学社团成为实验科学交流与推进、科学共同体发展的基础条件与关键场域。18世纪是科学社团体制化时期,科学社团通过创办学术刊物、形成学术共同体、结合自身国情逐步学术化、专业化、特色化。19世纪是科技社团社会化时期,科技社团的规模与类型不断增加并与经济社会互动频繁,促使科学思想遍布社会各行业和各阶层。20世纪是科技社团全球化时期,中国进行了建立科学社团的尝试,强调科技社团服务国民经济社会发展成为党领导科技社团建设工作的重点。对基础研究的大力支持、对科学精神的强调、给予科学宽松的发展环境、重视科研工具的发展与创新、加强国际交流与合作等是科技社团创新发展的基本要素。

The 17th century was the period of the formation of scientific societies,which became the basic condition and key field for the exchange and promotion of experimental science and the development of scientific communities.The 18th century was the period of the institutionalization of scientific societies,which gradually became academic,professional and characteristic through the establishment of academic journals,the formation of academic communities and the integration of their own national conditions.The 19th century was the period of the socialization of scientific societies,in which the scale and types of scientific societies increased and interacted frequently with the economy and society.The 2oth century was the period of globalisation of scientific societies,when China made attempts to establish scientific societies,and the emphasis on scientific societies serving national economic and so-cial development became the focus of the CPC's efforts to lead the construction of scientific societies.The strong support for basic research,the emphasis on the spirit of science,the relaxed environment for the development of science,the emphasis on the development and innovation of scientific research tools,strengthening international exchange and cooperation and the development of research on the history of science and science education are the basic elements of the innovativedevelopment of scientific societies.