长江流域“十年禁渔”的行刑衔接机制研究

Study on Connecting Mechanism of Administrative Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice of"Ten-year Fishing Ban"in Yangtze River Basin

长江流域“十年禁渔”在实体法和程序法两个层面均存在着行刑衔接机制不畅的问题。实体法上表现为非法捕捞水产品行为“罪”与“非罪”难以界分,危害珍贵、濒危野生动物行为“过失犯”未予规定,非法交易渔获物行为的构罪标准单一;程序法上则表现为行刑证据转化、案件移送等方面存在困难。究其原因,主要在于相关规范滞后和阙如,刑事优先原则泛化适用,环境行政权和司法权的结构性矛盾。因此,必须从实体和程序两个层面切入对于“长江十年禁渔”的行刑衔接机制进行调适:在实体层面,应当注重立法论与解释论的并行,从廓清非法捕捞水产品罪的构成要件,增设过失损害珍贵、濒危野生动物罪,明确掩饰、隐瞒犯罪所得、犯罪所得收益罪的三维入罪标准等三个方面完善立法路径,并且要坚持定性与定量相统一的解释进路。在程序层面,则要立足于“三位一体”的程序配置,重塑案件移送制度,健全行刑证据转化机制,并且要规范渔政公安联合执法机制。

The connecting mechanism of the administrative law enforcement and criminal justice in the“tenyear fishing ban”is not smooth.In the substantive law,it is difficult to distinguish the"crime"and"illegal"of illegal fishing of aquatic products,the"negligent crime"of endangering precious and endangered aquatic wildlife is not stipulated,and the criminalization standard of illegal trade of fish is single.In the procedural law,there are difficulties in the execution evidence conversion and case transfer.The main reasons are the lag and absence of relevant regulations,the generalized application of the principle of criminal priority,and the structural contradiction between environmental administrative power and judicial power.It is necessary to adjust the execution linkage mechanism of the"ten-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River"from both substantive and procedural levels.In the substantive law,emphasis should be placed on the parallelism of legislation theory and interpretation theory.On the legislative path,the constitutive requirements of the crime of illegal fishing aquatic products should be perfected,the crime of negligent damage to precious and endangered wild animals should be added,and the three-dimensional criminalization standard of the crime of concealing and concealing the income of crime and the income from crime should be clarified.And we must adhere to the unified interpretation approach of qualitative and quantitative.In the procedural law,it should be based on the"Trinity"program configuration.We need to reshape the case transfer system,improve the execution evidence conversion mechanism,and standardize the joint law enforcement mechanism of fishery administration and public security.