中国刑事缺席审判的上诉体系研究

Research on the Appeal System of Criminal Absent Trial Procedure of China——Based on the First Case of A Fugitive Trial in Absentia

上诉制度体系的完善程度直接关系刑事缺席审判程序的正当性。目前理论对缺席被告人近亲属独立上诉权之立法目的研究存在片面化、现行上诉制度设计忽视被告人缺席因素,导致上诉权的落实存在障碍,且与重新审理的关系存在混乱。因此首先应明确近亲属上诉权的双重立法目的,即维护缺席被告人和其近亲属的合法权利,并证伪“近亲属独立上诉权可能会侵害缺席被告人合法权益”命题。在此基础上明确近亲属的诉讼参与人地位、合理限定近亲属上诉权的行使条件,并构建符合刑事缺席审判特征的上诉体系,如明确上诉客体包括刑事缺席裁定、厘清上诉权与重新审理的关系等,进而完善具有中国特色的刑事缺席审判制度。

The perfection of the appellate system is directly related to the justification of the criminal absence trial procedure.The theoretical research on the legislative purpose of the close relatives'independent appeal right of absentee defendants is one-sided.And the design of the current appeal system ignores the absence of the defendant,which leads to obstacles in the implementation of the right of appeal and confusion in the relationship with retrial.Therefore,first of all,the dual legislative purpose of the right of appeal of close relatives should be clarified,that is,to safeguard the legal rights of the absent defendant and his close relatives,and to falsify the proposition that"the independent right to appeal of close relatives may infringe the legitimate rights and interests of the absent defendant".On this basis,the status of close relatives as participants in litigation should be clarified;the conditions for exercising the right of appeal for close relatives should be reasonably limited.At the same time,an appeal system that conforms to the characteristics of criminal trial in absentia should be constructed,such as dearing that the object of appeal indudes criminal default ruling,clarifying the relationship between the right of appeal and retrial,etc,so as to improve the criminal trial in absentia system with Chinese characteristics.