2022年全球卒中数据报告解读

Interpretation on the report of global stroke data 2022

2022年,世界卒中组织在旗下《国际卒中杂志》上发表了2项最新全球卒中统计报告,更新了全球的卒中发病率和死亡率分布,分析了性别和地理差异,并提供了卒中归因危险因素最新数据。2019年全球疾病负担研究调查结果显示,卒中仍然是世界上第二大死亡原因,也是第三大残疾合并死亡原因,从1990年至2019年,卒中的疾病负担(按绝对病例数计算)大幅增加,目前全球卒中负担以较大比例分布于低收入和中低收入国家,且70岁以下人群卒中患病率和发病率显著增加。全球卒中的五大主要危险因素包括高收缩压、高体重指数、高空腹血糖、大气颗粒物污染和吸烟。中国卒中防治正面临巨大挑战,卒中已成为中国成人致死、致残的第一位病因,也是中国伤残调整生命年的首位原因。中国卒中的发病率、患病率和死亡率在地理上存在“北高南低、中部突出”趋势;农村地区患病率高于城市;男性的发病率和死亡率均高于女性;平均发病年龄低于发达国家;缺血性卒中的疾病负担整体呈上升趋势,但出血性卒中则趋于下降;卒中防治知晓率低。综上,积极建立符合我国国情的卒中分级防控体系,具有重要战略意义。

In 2022,the World Stroke Organization released two new reports regarding global stroke statistics in the International Journal of Stroke.The reports updated the global incidence and mortality of stroke,evaluated the effects of gender and geographic factors,and provided updated statistics on attributable risk factors associated with stroke.This article briefly interprets the two reports in the context of stroke prevalence and disease burden in China.2019 Global Burden of Disease Study findings show that stroke remains the second⁃leading cause of death and the third⁃leading cause of death and disability combined in the world.From 1990 to 2019,the burden(in terms of the absolute number of cases)increased substantially,with the bulk of the global stroke burden residing in lower⁃income and lower⁃middle⁃income countries.Moreover,people under 70⁃year⁃old were observed to have significant increases in stroke prevalence and incidence.The five major risks for stroke globally include high systolic blood pressure,high body mass index,high fasting glucose,environmental particulate matter pollution,and smoking.Stroke prevention and treatment in China are facing great challenges.Stroke has become the leading cause of death and disability among Chinese adults,as well as the leading cause of disability adjusted life year lost.The incidence,prevalence and mortality of stroke in China are geographically high in the north,low in the south and prominent in the central part of the country;the prevalence is higher in rural areas than that in urban areas;the morbidity and mortality rates are higher in men than those in women;the average age of onset is lower than in developed countries;the overall disease burden of ischemic stroke is on the rise,but that of hemorrhagic stroke is on the decline.The awareness of stroke prevention and treatment was low.In conclusion,it is of strategic importance to actively establish a graded stroke prevention and control system that meets the national conditions.