基于清单分析法的河北省农业面源污染时空特征

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution of Hebei Province Based on Inventory Analysis Method

为了降低农业面源污染的影响,了解河北省农业面源污染排放特征,采用清单分析法、等标污染负荷法分析了2020年河北省11个行政区化学需氧量(COD)、总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)3种污染物的排放量,并建立4个污染账户从畜禽养殖、农业种植、水产养殖和农村生活排污4个污染源计算农业面源污染等标污染负荷,绘制空间分布特征并进行聚类分析。结果表明,河北省畜禽养殖排放量为79.779万t,农业种植排放量为0.681万t,水产养殖排放量为4914.116万t,农村生活排污排放量为113.919万t。2020年河北省农业面源3种污染物排放量分别为COD 4201.815万t,总氮797.998万t,总磷108.681万t,总排放量为5108.495万t。3种污染物的等标污染负荷由大到小依次为TN>TP>COD,按照污染账户划分为水产养殖>农村生活排污>畜禽养殖>农业种植。经计算可得,唐山市的等标污染负荷最高,承德市的等标污染负荷最低。经过系统聚类分析将行政区划分为重度污染、中度污染和轻度污染三类。河北省整体农业面源污染问题较为严重,主要问题地区集中在中部与东部。

In order to investigate the current situation,characteristics,pollution intensity and temporal and spatial distribution of agricultural non-point source pollution in Hebei Province.The paper analyzed the discharge of COD,TN and TP pollutants in 11 administrative regions of Hebei Province in 2020 by using inventory analysis method and equivalent pollution load method,and established four pollution accounts to calculate the standard pollution loads of non-point agricultural source pollution from four pollution sources of livestock and poultry breeding,agricultural planting,aquaculture and rural domestic sewage.The spatial distribution characteristics were drawn and cluster analysis was carried out.The results showed that the discharge of livestock and poultry breeding was 797790 t,agricultural planting 6811 t,aquaculture 49141160 t and rural domestic sewage 1139190 t in Hebei Province.In 2020,the discharge of three kinds of pollutants from agricultural non-point sources in Hebei Province was 42018150 t of COD,7979980 t of total nitrogen and 1086810 t of total phosphorus,and the total discharge was 51084950 t.The equivalent pollution load of the three pollutants was TN>TP>COD from small to large,and according to the pollution account,it was divided into aquaculture>rural domestic pollution>livestock and poultry breeding>agricultural planting.According to the calculation,the equivalent pollution load of Tangshan City was the highest,and that of Chengde City was the lowest.Through systematic cluster analysis,the administrative regions were divided into three categories as heavy pollution,moderate pollution and light pollution.Conclusion agricultural non-point source pollution was very serious in Hebei Province in 2020,in which COD discharge was the largest,and Tangshan was the most serious.The pollutants mainly come from aquaculture account.Agricultural non-point source pollution was a serious problem in Hebei Province,and the main problem areas were concentrated in the central and eastern parts of Hebei Province.