第二梯队企业开展LNG国际贸易风险分析

Risk analysis of LNG international trade of Chinese second-tier enterprises

自2019年中国LNG接收站使用权限向第三方企业开放以来,一批以发电集团和城市燃气集团为代表的地方大型企业(“第二梯队”企业)开始逐步探索国际LNG资源转口贸易业务,但由于实际操作经验较少,面临主体合规层面与合同操作层面的双重风险。境内主体企业在开展转口贸易时,上游资源商与下游客户均应是境外主体;在贸易合同谈判与执行过程中,需要充分考虑各项信息时间节点、转运权利、付款时间、计量条款等。建议:一是事先与委托银行进行充分沟通;二是坚持“控制风险第一、利益第二”原则,严格按照“背靠背”原则控制合同风险;三是转运权利范围由小到大,逐步扩大交货范围;四是贸易主体先境内后境外,在经验成熟的基础上可考虑利用境外主体进行LNG贸易业务。

Since the opening of China's LNG receiving terminal access to third-party enterprises in 2019,a group of local large-scale enterprises(second-tier enterprises) represented by power generation groups and urban gas groups have begun to gradually explore the international LNG resource re-export business and they face dual risks at the level of main body compliance and contract operation due to less practical operational experience.When domestic enterprises carry out re-export trade,both upstream resource suppliers and downstream customers should be foreign subjects.In the negotiation and execution of trade contracts,it is necessary to fully consider various information time nodes,transshipment rights,payment time,measurement terms,and so on.The paper puts forward that fully communicating with the commissioned bank in advance firstly,adhering to the principle of “risk first,benefit second” and controlling the contract risk in strict accordance with the principle of “back-to-back” secondly,the scope of transshipment rights from small to large and gradually expand the scope of delivery thirdly,and being domestic first and then overseas and considering using overseas main bodies to conduct LNG trade on the basis of mature experience finally.